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1.
Subj. procesos cogn. ; 27(2): 31-63, dic. 12, 2023.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1519053

ABSTRACT

Busca-se discutir a relação da Experiência de Quase Morte (EQM) a partir dos conceitos junguianos, particularmentea Individuação e a Espiritualidade. Pretende-se ainda, explorar possíveis relações entre a memória da EQM e Neuropsicologia, analisando o arquétipo psicóide e possíveis relações entre ele e a memória episódica, procurando-se possibilidades viáveis de pesquisas exploratórias que possam trazer maiores esclarecimentos na relação entre a experiência de quase morte, o conceito do psicóide da Psicologia analítica de C. G. Jung e a memória episódica tratada em neuropsicologia AU


We seek to discuss the relationship of the Near Death Experience (NDE) from the Jungian concepts, particularly Individuation and Spirituality. It is also intended to explore possible relationships between NDE memory and Neuropsychology, analyzing the psychoid archetype and possible relationships between it and episodic memory, looking for viable possibilities for exploratory research that can bring further clarification on the relationship between the experience of almost death, the psychoid concept from C. G. Jung's Analytical Psychology and the episodic memory treated in neuropsychology AU


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Attitude to Death , Interviews as Topic , Memory, Episodic , Spirituality , Jungian Theory , Neuropsychology
2.
Av. psicol. latinoam ; 40(1): 1-16, ene.-abr. 2022.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1427984

ABSTRACT

La participación en actividades de ocio puede prevenir el deterioro cognitivo. El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, el peso relativo que tiene la participación en actividades del tiempo libre en cuatro dominios cognitivos: memoria episódica verbal, lenguaje, funciones ejecutivas y funciones atencionales en adultos mayo-res autoválidos. Para ello, se llevó a cabo un análisis de senderos, utilizando el procedimiento de ecuaciones estructurales (sem) en 167 participantes mayores (m= 72.34 años, de= 5.07 años) independientes en actividades de la vida diaria. Todos fueron evaluados con cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos, cuestionario de participación social y una batería neuro-psicológica de pruebas de uso frecuente en el ámbito clínico para memoria, lenguaje, funciones atencionales y funciones ejecutivas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el factor de actividades muestra efectos significativos sobre el factor de funciones ejecutivas (ß = .45, p < .001, R2 = .20), también sobre el factor de memoria (ß = .38, p < .001, R2 = .14), al igual que con el factor de lenguaje (ß = .45, p < .001, R2 = .20) y el factor funciones atencionales (ß = .44, p = .03, R2 = .20). Estos resultados concuerdan con los de otros estudios que indican que las actividades de ocio podrían desempeñaron papel diferencial e importante en la construcción de la reserva cognitiva a lo largo del ciclo de vida, conformando un posible factor de protección cognitiva en el proceso de envejecimiento


Participation in cognitively demanding leisure activities can prevent cognitive decline. The objective of the present work is to analyze through a structural equation model (sem) the relative weight that partici-pation in leisure time activities has in three cognitive domains: episodic verbal memory, language execu-tive functions, and attentional functions in self-validated seniors. A path analysis was carried out using the semin 167 elderly participants (m=72.34 years, sd=5.07 years), independent in activities of daily living. All the participants were evaluated with a sociodemographic data questionnaire, a social participation questionnaire, and a neuropsychological battery of neuropsycho-logical tests frequently used in the clinical setting for memory, language, attentional functions, and executive functions. The results obtained indicate that the activities factor shows significant effects on the executive functions factor (ß=.45, p<.001, R2=.20), also on the memory factor (ß=.38, p<.001, R2=.14), as well as on the language factor (ß=.45, p<.001, R2=.20) and the attentional functions factor (ß=.44, p=.03, R2=.20). These results coincide with those of other studies that indicate that leisure activities could play a differential and important role in the construction of cognitive reserve throughout the life cycle, forming a possible cognitive protection factor in the aging process.


A participação em atividades de lazer pode prevenir o declínio cognitivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar, por meio de um modelo de equações estruturais, o peso relativo que a participação em atividades de lazer exerce em quatro domínios cognitivos: memória verbal episódica, linguagem, funções executivas e funções atencionais em idosos autovalidados. Foi realizada uma análise de trilha por meio do procedimento de equações estruturais (sem) em 167 idosos (m= 72.34 anos, dp = 5.07 anos), independentes nas atividades de vida diária. Todos os participantes foram avaliados com: questionário de dados sociodemográficos, questionário de participação social e uma bateria neurop-sicológica de testes neuropsicológicos frequentemente utilizados em âmbito clínico para: memória, linguagem, funções atencionais e funções executivas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o fator atividade apresenta efeitos significativos sobre o fator funções executivas (ß = 0.45, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.20), também sobre o fator memória (ß = 0.38, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.14), assim como no fator linguagem (ß = 0.45, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.20) e sobre o fator funções atencionais (ß = 0.44, p < 0.03, R2 = 0.20). Estes resultados são corroborados por outros estudos que indicam que as atividades de lazer podem desempenhar um papel diferencial e importante na construção da reserva cognitiva ao longo do ciclo vital, constituindo um possível fator de proteção cognitiva no processo de envelhecimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Play and Playthings , Work , Aging , Memory, Episodic , Cognitive Dysfunction , Memory , Methods
3.
Psico USF ; 27(1): 181-191, jan.-mar. 2022. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1376047

ABSTRACT

Um falso reconhecimento de uma pessoa pode levar à condenação de um inocente. Um método efetivo de diminuir o falso reconhecimento é por meio do alinhamento, procedimento no qual o suspeito é apresentado em conjunto com outras pessoas - fillers (não suspeitos similares ao suspeito). Em um experimento foi comparado o desempenho de testemunhas em alinhamentos nos quais fillers apresentavam moderada ou alta similaridade em relação ao suspeito. Independentemente do grau de similaridade, suspeitos foram identificados com maior frequência que suspeitos inocentes e do que fillers, e fillers foram reconhecidos em maior frequência do que suspeitos inocentes. A similaridade entre fillers e suspeito não teve efeito na probabilidade de reconhecimento do suspeito, seja ele culpado ou inocente. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de teorias acerca do efeito de similaridade de fillers e implicações dos resultados para o sistema de justiça brasileiro (AU).


Faulty witness identification can lead to the conviction of an innocent person. An effective method to reduce misidentification is using a lineup, a procedure in which the suspect is presented among "fillers" (non-suspects similar to the suspect). In an experiment, we compared the responses of eyewitnesses in lineups where fillers had moderate or high similarity to the suspect. Regardless of the degree of similarity, guilty suspects were identified more often than innocent suspects and fillers, and fillers were identified more often than innocent suspects. The similarity between fillers and suspect did not affect the probability of suspect recognition, whether the suspect was guilty or innocent. The results are discussed in the light of theories about the similarity effect of fillers, and implications for the Brazilian justice system (AU).


Un reconocimiento falso de una persona puede conducir a la condena de un inocente. Un método eficaz para reducir el reconocimiento falso es la alineación, un procedimiento en el que el sospechoso se presenta junto con otras personas - fillers (no sospechosos similares al sospechoso). En un experimento se compara el rendimiento de los testigos en alineaciones en las que los fillers tenían una similitud moderada o alta con el sospechoso. Los resultados mostraron que, independientemente del grado de similitud, en una alineación justa, los sospechosos culpables son más propensos a ser identificados que los inocentes y que los fillers, y cuando el sospechoso es inocente, los fillers tienen más probabilidades de ser reconocidos. La similitud entre filler y sospechoso no tuvo efecto sobre la probabilidad de reconocimiento del sospechoso, tanto si era culpable o inocente. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de las teorías sobre el efecto de similitud de los rellenos y las implicaciones de los resultados para el sistema judicial brasileño (AU).


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Recognition, Psychology , Criminals/psychology , Memory, Episodic , Facial Recognition
4.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 15(3): 299-313, Sept. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339793

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Aging has been associated with the functional decline of episodic memory (EM). Unanswered questions are whether the decline of EM occurs even during healthy aging and whether this decline is related to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the hippocampus. Objective: The main purpose of this study was to investigate data on the relationship between the age-related EM decline and Aβ deposition. Methods: We searched the Cochrane, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases and reference lists of retrieved articles that were published in the past 10 years. The initial literature search identified 517 studies. After screening the title, abstract, key words, and reference lists, 56 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: The overall results revealed that increases in Aβ are related to lower hippocampal volume and worse performance on EM tests. The results of this systematic review revealed that high levels of Aβ may be related to EM deficits and the progression to Alzheimer's disease. Conclusions: We discussed the strengths and pitfalls of various tests and techniques used for investigating EM and Aβ deposition, methodological issues, and potential directions for future research.


RESUMO O envelhecimento tem sido associado a um declínio funcional da memória episódica (ME). Algo ainda sem resposta é se o declínio da ME ocorre mesmo no envelhecimento saudável e se esse declínio pode estar relacionado à deposição de Aβ no hipocampo. Objetivo: Nosso objetivo principal foi investigar os dados sobre a relação entre a memória episódica e a deposição de Aβ no envelhecimento saudável. Métodos: Nós buscamos nas bases de dados Cochrane, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science e nas listas de referências dos estudos dos últimos 10 anos. A busca inicial nas bases de dados identificou 517 estudos. Após a triagem de título, resumos, palavras-chave e referências, 56 estudos atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: O resultado geral revelou que o aumento de Aβ estava relacionado ao menor volume do hipocampo e pior desempenho em testes de ME. Em resumo, os resultados da presente revisão sistemática revelaram que altos níveis de Aβ podem estar relacionados ao declínio de ME e conversão progressiva para a Doença de Alzheimer. Conclusões: Aqui, discutimos os pontos fortes e as limitações dos testes e técnicas para investigar a deposição ME e Aβ, bem como questões metodológicas e direções futuras.


Subject(s)
Humans , Memory , Aging , Amyloid beta-Peptides , Memory, Episodic , Healthy Aging , Systematic Review
5.
Aval. psicol ; 20(2): 201-208, abr.-jun. 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1285437

ABSTRACT

Esse estudo teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho de memória operacional e memória episódica em estudantes do ensino público e privado. A amostra foi composta por 79 crianças, com idades entre 9 e 12 anos, divididos por gênero, idade e tipo de escola. A avaliação foi realizada individualmente por meio da CMS e Raven. Para a análise dos dados, foi utilizado o teste t de Student, com nível de significância adotado de 5%. Os resultados evidenciam melhor desempenho das crianças de escola pública nas tarefas de inteligência e memória visual, enquanto os estudantes de escola particular apresentaram melhor desempenho em memória verbal e visual, corroborando com estudos que apontam diferenças em tarefas cognitivas para crianças de níveis socioeconômicos diferentes. Esses resultados fomentam a importância de mais pesquisas na área, para compreensão e melhorias no desenvolvimento cognitivo das crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. (AU)


This study aimed to compare the performance of working memory and episodic memory in students from public and private schools. A sample consisted of 79 children, aged between 9 and 12 years; divided by gender, age and type of school. The assessment was carried out individually using the CMS and Raven's test. For the data analysis student's t-test was used, the level of significance adopted was 5%. The results showed better performance by the public school children in tasks of intelligence and visual memory, while the students from private schools showed better performance in verbal and visual memory, corroborating studies that highlight differences in cognitive tasks for children with different socioeconomic levels. These results demonstrate the importance of more research in the area, aiming to better understand and improve the cognitive development of Brazilian children and adolescents. (AU)


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el rendimiento de la memoria de trabajo y la memoria episódica en estudiantes de escuelas públicas y privadas. La muestra se compuso por 79 niños, con edades comprendidas entre 9 y 12 años; divididos por género, edad y tipo de escuela. La evaluación se realizó individualmente a través de la CMS y Raven. Se utilizó la prueba t de student para el análisis de datos, el nivel de significación adoptado fue del 5%. Los resultados evidenciaron un mejor rendimiento de los niños de las escuelas públicas en tareas de inteligencia y memoria visual, mientras que los estudiantes de la escuela privada mostraron un mejor rendimiento en la memoria verbal y visual, corroborando con estudios que señalan diferencias en las tareas cognitivas para niños de diferentes niveles socioeconómicos. Estos resultados alientan la importancia de una mayor investigación en el área, para comprender y mejorar el desarrollo cognitivo de los niños y adolescentes brasileños. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Cognition , Memory, Episodic , Memory, Short-Term , Socioeconomic Factors , Students/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Intelligence Tests , Medical History Taking
6.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 14(4): 366-371, Oct.-Dec. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142830

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Background: Intentionality to remember is associated with better performances in episodic memory retrieval. The practice effect has better performance in memory retrieval. However, little is known about the effect of intentionality on memory over days and the influence of age, gender, and level of education on it as well as on practice effect. Objectives: To verify the effect of intentionality and practice effect on memory performance over days, using an ecological approach. Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects from 18 to 81 years of age and free of psychiatric and neurological disorders were evaluated. They were randomized into a "testing effect group" and a "intentionality group" and then were asked to read a text on the FIFA World Cup. The "intentionality group" was instructed to pay careful attention to the text because they would answer a questionnaire with 10 factual items from the text after 2 and 7 days. The "testing effect group" had the same procedure at the same time as the first group but were not instructed about the intentionality, and answered the questionnaire immediately after reading the text. Results: Memory performance was better 2 days after the exposure session than 7 days later in the "intentionality group". On the other hand, there was no difference in memory performance from the "testing effect group" 2 and 7 days later. Conclusions: Intention to recall may enhance memory over a short period of days, while retaining similar amount of information over days to what was acquired immediately after text exposure.


RESUMO Introdução: A intencionalidade de lembrar associa-se a melhores desempenhos na recuperação da memória episódica. O efeito da prática também apresenta melhores desempenhos na recuperação da memória. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre a intencionalidade na memória ao longo dos dias sob influência da idade, sexo e escolaridade, assim como sob efeito da prática. Objetivos: Verificar o efeito da intencionalidade e de testes no desempenho da memória ao longo dos dias, utilizando abordagem ecológica. Métodos: Foram avaliados 120 sujeitos (idade 18-81 anos) e a ausência de distúrbios psiquiátricos e neurológicos. Eles foram randomizados para o "grupo de efeito de testes" ou para o "grupo de intencionalidade" e expostos ao texto da Copa do Mundo de Futebol. O "grupo de intencionalidade" foi instruído a prestar muita atenção ao texto, pois seria aplicado um questionário com 10 itens factuais do texto 2 e 7 dias depois. O "grupo de efeito de testes" realizou o mesmo procedimento no mesmo tempo que o primeiro grupo, mas não foi instruído em relação à intencionalidade e responderam ao questionário imediatamente após a leitura do texto. Resultados: O desempenho da memória foi melhor 2 dias após a exposição do que 7 dias depois no "grupo de intencionalidade". Por outro lado, não houve diferença no desempenho de memória no "grupo de efeito de testes" 2 e 7 dias depois. Conclusões: A intenção de recordar pode melhorar a memória por um curto período de dias. Enquanto o efeito de teste pode reter ao longo de dias quantidade similar de informação que foi adquirida imediatamente após a exposição do texto.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aging , Cognition , Intention , Memory, Episodic , Learning
7.
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion ; (12): 707-712, 2020.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-826668

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the effect on chronic insomnia disorder (CID) and influences on episodic memory and sleep structure between acupuncture and estazolam tablets.@*METHODS@#A total of 140 CID patients were randomized into a meridian-point group (46 cases, 1 case dropped off), a non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group (47 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a medication group (47 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the meridian-point group, Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zhaohai (KI 6) and Shenmai (BL 62) were selected and the routine acupuncture was applied. In the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group, the needling technique was same as the meridian-point group. Acupuncture was given once daily for 4 weeks in the above two groups. In the medication group, estazolam tablets were administered orally, taken 1 to 2 mg per night, consecutively for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the changes in the following indexes were observed in each group, i.e. the score of insomnia severity index (ISI), the score of auditory verbal memory test (AVMT) and the relevant indexes of sleep structure [total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), sleep efficiency (SE) and the percentage of non rapid eye movement phase 1, 2 and 3 (N1, N2 and N3) and rapid eye movement time (REM) in TST].@*RESULTS@#After treatment, ISI scores were reduced in the meridian-point group and the medication group (<0.01), the score in the meridian-point group was lower than the medication group and the non-meridian-and-non- acupoint group respectively (<0.01) and that in the medication group was lower than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group (<0.01). After treatment, the score of each of immediate recall, short-term delayed recall, long-term delayed recall and delayed recognition of AVMT was increased in the meridian-point group and the medication group respectively (<0.01, <0.05) and the score of each item of AVMT in the meridian-point group was higher than the medication group and the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group respectively (<0.01, <0.05). The scores of immediate memory and delayed recognition in the medication group were higher than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group respectively (<0.01). After treatment, SOL, WASO and N1% were all reduced (<0.01) and TST, SE, N3% and REM% were all increased (<0.01, <0.05) in the meridian-point group and the medication group, N2% in the meridian-point group was reduced (<0.01). After treatment, N1% and N2% in the meridian-point group were lower than the medication group (<0.01) and N3% and REM% were higher than the medication group (<0.01). After treatment, TST, SE and N3% in the meridian-point group and the medication group were all higher than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group respectively (<0.01, <0.05) and SOL, WASO and N1% were lower than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group respectively (<0.01). REM% in the meridian-point group was also higher than the non-meridion-and-non-acupoint group (<0.01), and N2% in the meridian-point group was also lower than the non-meridian-and-non-acupoint group (<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with estazolam, acupuncture much better improves sleep quality and episodic memory in patients with chronic insomnia disorder, which is possibly related to the regulation of sleep structure of patients in treatment with acupuncture.


Subject(s)
Humans , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Estazolam , Therapeutic Uses , Memory, Episodic , Sleep , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Therapeutics , Treatment Outcome
8.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 13(1): 22-30, Jan.-Mar. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989665

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Alexithymia is a deficit in the recognition, expression and regulation of emotions, which has the following features: difficulty in identifying or describing feelings, difficulty distinguishing between feelings and bodily sensations, stringent imaginal processes, and externally oriented cognitive style. This personality trait is associated with many psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, as well as with risky behaviors. Objective: To investigate whether this trait is also associated with reduced memory for emotional information. Methods: A review of articles investigating the possible damage caused by alexithymia to implicit and explicit memory for emotional information was conducted. Results: Although the studies concerning implicit memory presented divergent results, most studies on explicit memory suggested a deficit for emotional information retention in high-alexithymia individuals. Conclusion: The reviewed data support the notion that the typical increase in episodic memory for emotional information is reduced in high-alexithymia individuals.


RESUMO: A alexitimia é um déficit no reconhecimento, expressão e regulação das emoções, que possui as seguintes características: dificuldade em identificar sentimentos, dificuldade em descrever sentimentos, dificuldade em distinguir sentimentos e sensações corporais, processos de imaginação dificultados e estilo de cognição externamente orientado. Este traço de personalidade está associado a muitos transtornos psiquiátricos e psicossomáticos, bem como a comportamentos de risco aumentados. Objetivo: Investigar se este traço também está associado a redução de memória para informações emocionais. Métodos: Artigos que investigam os possíveis danos causados ​​pela alexitimia na memória implícita e explícita para informações emocionais foram revisados. Resultados: Embora os estudos sobre memória implícita tenham apresentado resultados divergentes, a maioria dos estudos sobre memória explícita sugeriu déficits na retenção de informação emocional em indivíduos com altos índices de alexitimia. Conclusão: Os dados revisados ​​sugerem que o aumento típico na memória episódica para informações emocionais é reduzido em indivíduos com alta alexitimia.


Subject(s)
Affective Symptoms , Recognition, Psychology , Emotions , Memory, Episodic
9.
Psico (Porto Alegre) ; 50(3): 30211, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1026733

ABSTRACT

O crescimento pós-traumático (CPT) refere-se à mudança positiva em algum aspecto da experiência humana como resultado do enfrentamento de situações adversas. O presente trabalho investigou se as evidências de validade externa do Inventário de Crescimento PósTraumático (PTGI) são mais consistentes quando se compara os resultados de um subgrupo que pontuou alto na Escala de Centralidade de Eventos (ECE) com os de um subgrupo que pontuou baixo. A ECE avalia em que medida o evento de referência contribuiu na formação da identidade dos indivíduos. Participaram do estudo 317 indivíduos que passaram por situações adversas variadas. As correlações entre CPT e suporte social, sentido de vida, satisfação com a vida, religiosidade e desajuste psicológico apresentaram maior magnitude e coerência no subgrupo pontuou alto na ECE. Os resultados fortalecem a concepção de que apenas eventos que levam a uma reavaliação das crenças centrais dos indivíduos devem ser incluídos nos estudos de CPT.


Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is the experience of positive change that occurs as a result of facing highly challenging adverse situations. The present work investigated whether the external validity evidence of the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) is more consistent when considering the events in which individuals scored high on the Centrality of Events Scale (CES) versus events in which individuals scored low. The CES assesses to what extent the reference event contributed to the formation of individuals' identity. Participated in the study 317 individuals who had been through a variety of adverse events. The correlations between PTGI scores and social support, meaning in life, life satisfaction, religiosity, and psychological distress became larger and more coherent in the subgroup that scored high in ECE. The results corroborate the conception that only events that lead to a reassessment of individuals' central beliefs should be included in the PTG studies.


Crecimiento postraumático (CPT) se refiere al cambio positivo en algún aspecto de la experiencia humana como resultado del enfrentamiento de situaciones adversas. Este trabajo investigó si las evidencias de validez externa del Inventario de Crecimiento PostTraumático (PTGI) son más consistentes cuando se compara los resultados de un subgrupo punteado alto en la Escala de Centralidad de Eventos (ECE) con los de un que punteaba bajo. La ECE evalúa en qué medida el evento de referencia contribuyó en la formación de la identidad de los individuos. Participaron del estudio 317 individuos que pasaron por situaciones adversas variadas. Las correlaciones entre CPT y las demás variables de interés presentaron mayor magnitud y coherencia en el subgrupo puntuó alto en la ECE. Los resultados fortalecen la concepción de que sólo los eventos que conducen a una reevaluación de las creencias centrales deben ser incluidos en los estudios de CPT.


Subject(s)
Stress, Psychological , Memory, Episodic , Memory
10.
Journal of Clinical Neurology ; : 27-37, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-719302

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Semantic memory remains more stable than episodic memory across the lifespan, which makes it potentially useful as a marker for distinguishing pathological aging from normal senescence. To obtain a better understanding of the transitional stage evolving into Alzheimer's dementia (AD), we focused on the amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) stage stratified based on β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology. METHODS: We analyzed the raw data from Korean version of the Boston Naming Test (K-BNT) and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT). For K-BNT, the frequencies of six error types and accuracy rates were evaluated. For a qualitative assessment of the COWAT, we computed the number of switching, number of clusters, and mean cluster size. RESULTS: The data from 217 participants were analyzed (53 normal controls, 66 with Aβ− aMCI, 56 with Aβ+ aMCI, and 42 disease controls). There were fewer semantically related errors and more semantically unrelated errors on the K-BNT in Aβ+ aMCI than in Aβ− aMCI, without a gross difference in the z score. We also found that Aβ+ aMCI showed a more prominent deficit in the number of clusters in the semantic fluency task [especially for animal names (living items)] than Aβ− aMCI. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of similar clinical manifestations, Aβ+ aMCI was more similar to AD than Aβ− aMCI in terms of semantic memory disruption. Semantic memory may serve as an early indicator of brain Aβ pathology. Therefore, semantic memory dysfunction deserves more consideration in clinical practice. Longitudinal research with the follow-up data is needed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Aging , Alzheimer Disease , Brain , Dementia , Follow-Up Studies , Memory , Memory, Episodic , Cognitive Dysfunction , Pathology , Semantics , Word Association Tests
11.
Psychiatry Investigation ; : 793-799, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-786545

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to identify the demographic variables that are affecting performances on the Logical Memory (LM) subtest included in the Korean version of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)-IV and to provide normative data on the LM subtest for the middle-age and elderly Korean people.METHODS: The participants were 435 non-demented adults aging from 50 to 90 and with the educational level ranging from 0 to 21 years.RESULTS: Age and education were found to be significantly associated with performance on the LM subtest, while gender effect was not statistically significant. Therefore, we stratified the norm blocks by age and education. Age was divided into three groups: 50–59, 60–74, and 75–90 years. Education was stratified into three groups: 0–8 years, 9–12 years, and 13 years or more.CONCLUSION: The normative data provided in the current study are expected to be useful in clinical and research settings to detect or define subtle changes in episodic memory in Korean adults and elderly, and can also be used for cross-cultural comparison of verbal episodic memory performance among elderly populations using different languages.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Humans , Aging , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Education , Logic , Memory , Memory, Episodic
12.
Journal of Clinical Neurology ; : 301-307, 2019.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-764345

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: During transient global amnesia (TGA), selective impairment of episodic memory is assumed to occur due to alteration in the neuronal network between the hippocampus and parietooccipital cortices that also include a hub for smooth pursuit (SP) eye movements. This study aimed to determine whether SP is impaired during TGA, and to identify any anatomical and functional linkage present between the oculomotor and memory systems. METHODS: Within a median of 1.0 day of TGA, horizontal SP was evaluated in 145 patients with a target moving at peak velocities of 10°/s and 20°/s. The average SP gains of patients were compared with those of the age-matched controls. RESULTS: The patients with TGA showed lower SP gains in both directions for both peak target velocities. While the normal controls showed symmetric SP in the rightward and leftward directions, in the TGA patients the SP gain was lower during rightward than leftward SP regardless of bilaterality or the side of the lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The cortical regions processing information about visual motion appeared to be affected during or soon after an amnestic episode of TGA, and more so in the right hemisphere. This means that disturbed processing of dynamic visual information may be related to the impaired spatial orientation observed during TGA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Amnesia, Transient Global , Eye Movements , Hippocampus , Memory , Memory, Episodic , Neurons , Pursuit, Smooth
13.
Estud. Interdiscip. Psicol ; 9(3): 24-37, set.-dez. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-975272

ABSTRACT

A memória autobiográfica (MA) constitui um conjunto de memórias que o indivíduo possui em relação a sua própria história de vida. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar a MA na infância em 60 universitários da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. O questionário foi composto por informações sociodemográficas e 15 perguntas abertas. Dentre os 60 entrevistados, 35 (58,3%) afirmaram recordar a memória em maiores detalhes contra 25 entrevistados (41,7%) que afirmaram recordar apenas de forma sucinta. Observou-se que 43,3% obteve a faixa-etária dos 5-6 anos como idade das primeiras MA. Os resultados são relevantes para a ampliação do conhecimento referente à MA na infância. Ainda, o estudo destas memórias pode auxiliar na melhor compreensão sobre a constituição do sujeito, bem como a influência das emoções nesse processo de armazenamento e evocação das memórias.


The autobiographical memory (AM) are a set of memories that the individual possesses in relation to his own life history. The present study aims to investigate AM in childhood in 60 university students of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. The questionnaire was composed of sociodemographic information and 15 open questions. Among the 60 interviewees, 35 (58.3%) reported recalling the memory in more detail against 25 respondents (41.7%) who said they remember only succinctly. It was observed that 43.3% obtained the age range of 5-6 years as the age of the first MA. The results are relevant for the expansion of the knowledge regarding the AM in childhood. Still, the study of these memories can help in the better understanding about the constitution of the subject, as well as the influence of the emotions in this process of storage and memory evocation.


La memoria autobiográfica (MA) constituye un conjunto de memorias que el individuo posee en relación con su propia historia de vida. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar la MA en la infancia en 60 universitarios de la Universidad Federal Rural de Río de Janeiro. El cuestionario se compuso de informaciones sociodemográficas y 15 preguntas abiertas. Entre los 60 entrevistados, 35 (58,3%) afirmaron recordar la memoria en mayores detalles contra 25 entrevistados (41,7%) que afirmaron recordar apenas de forma sucinta. Se observó que el 43,3% obtuvo la franja de edad de los 5-6 años como edad de las primeras MA. Los resultados son relevantes para la ampliación del conocimiento referente a la MA en la infancia. El estudio de estas memorias puede ayudar en la mejor comprensión sobre la constitución del sujeto, así como la influencia de las emociones en ese proceso de almacenamiento y evocación de las memorias.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Memory, Episodic , Students/psychology , Memory/classification
14.
Dement. neuropsychol ; 12(2): 189-195, Apr.-June 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-952962

ABSTRACT

Abstract The surrounding circumstances and environments of Malaysian older adults could make conducting interventions (mainly in terms of clinical or randomized controlled trials) a challenge. Working with older adults and facing cultural issues could be challenging. Objective: This paper illustrates a significant perspective of some of the challenges faced while conducting a randomized controlled trial exploring the impact of a multi-component intervention that included strategy- and process-based prospective memory (PM) training among Malaysian older adults. Methods: The current study was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and therefore the challenges were presented in accordance with the CONSORT statement style. Results: A discussion on how these issues were addressed is provided. Conclusion: Some suggestions were presented to help researchers plan and create interventions for similar studies and to support a practical method of addressing all related challenges.


Resumo As circunstâncias e ambientes circundantes de adultos idosos da Malásia poderiam tornar a condução da intervenção (principalmente em termos de ensaios clínicos ou randomizados controlados) um desafio. Trabalhar com adultos mais velhos e enfrentar problemas culturais pode ser instigante. Objetivo: Este artigo ilustra uma perspectiva significativa de alguns dos desafios enfrentados durante a realização de um estudo controlado randomizado que explora o impacto de uma intervenção de múltiplos componentes, incluindo treinamento de memória prospectiva baseado em estratégia e processo (PM) entre idosos da Malásia. Métodos: Como o estudo atual foi um ensaio clínico randomizado (ECR), os desafios foram apresentados de acordo com o estilo de declaração CONSORT. Resultados: Uma discussão sobre como essas questões foram abordadas é fornecida. Conclusão: Algumas sugestões foram apresentadas para ajudar os pesquisadores a planejar e criar intervenções para estudos semelhantes e capacitar um método prático para abordar todos os desafios relacionados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cross-Over Studies , Aged , Memory, Episodic , Learning
15.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(5): 302-309, May 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950536

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: A 4.5-year follow-up study was conducted to characterize baseline verbal episodic memory (VEM) and its behavior and to assess the effects of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) on this domain. Methods: Twenty-nine patients with RRMS underwent two neuropsychological assessments performed an average of 4.5 years apart. Twenty-six control participants underwent a single neuropsychological assessment. A significance level of p < 0.005 was adopted to denote a significant difference between the groups on the Mann Whitney and Wilcoxon paired statistical analyses. Results: No statistical difference was found in the results of the VEM tests between the first and second neuropsychological assessments of the patients. However, a statistical difference was evident between the patient and control groups in the results of the VEM tests. Conclusion: The patient group showed changes in the VEM relative to the control group. After approximately 4.5 years of disease, the patient performance on the VEM stabilized or improved.


RESUMO Objetivo: Neste estudo, propomos a caracterização da Memória Episódica Verbal (MEV) basal e o seu comportamento após o período de 4,5 anos de doença, a fim de avaliar o efeito da EMRR neste domínio. Métodos: Vinte e nove pacientes com EMRR foram submetidos a duas avaliações neuropsicológicas realizadas entre um intervalo de tempo médio de 4,5 anos. Vinte e seis controles foram submetidos à avaliação neuropsicológica única. Considerou-se nível de significância p <0,005 para delinear diferença significante entre os grupos nas análises estatísticas Mann Whitney e Wilcoxon pareado. Resultados: Não houve diferença estatística nos resultados dos testes de MEV entre a primeira e segunda avaliação neuropsicológica realizada pelos pacientes. Houve discrepância estatística nos resultados dos testes de MEV entre o grupo dos pacientes e controles. Conclusão: O grupo de pacientes apresentou alterações de MEV quando comparado aos controles. Após 4,5 anos aproximadamente os pacientes estabilizaram ou melhoraram seu desempenho em MEV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/complications , Memory, Episodic , Memory Disorders/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Statistics, Nonparametric , Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting/physiopathology , Memory Disorders/physiopathology , Neuropsychological Tests
16.
Ciênc. cogn ; 23(1): 80-90, mar. 2018.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1021107

ABSTRACT

Memória episódica envolve a retenção e evocação de eventos passados experienciados pelo indivíduo. No presente trabalho, as tarefas experimentais mais comumente utilizadas para estudar este tipo de memória são apresentadas. Estas tarefas são (1) tarefas de reconhecimento, incluindo tarefas de reconhecimento "sim/não", escolha forçada, e "lembrar/saber", (2) tarefas de recordação com pista, (3) tarefas de recordar livre e (4) tarefas de monitoramento da fonte. Estas tarefas são exemplificadas e discutidas em termos teóricos levando em consideração modelos cognitivos que explicam seus processos mnemônicos. Nós também abordamos a ideia de que tarefas de recordar com pistas,recordar livre, e monitoramento da fonte são mais fortemente baseadas na evocação de informações episódicas do que tarefas de reconhecimento,uma vez que a última pode ser desempenhada com base na simples sensação de familiaridade despertada pelo item memorizado.


Episodic memory involves the retention and retrieval of past eventsexperienced by individuals. In the current work, the experimental tasksmost typically used to study this type of memory are presented. These tasksare (1) memory recognition tasks, including simple "yes/no", forced-choice,and remember/know tasks, (2) cued recall tasks, (3) free recall tasks, and(4) source-monitoring tasks. These tasks are presented through examples,discussed in terms of the potential cognitive processes they produced, anddiscussed considering their main theoretical models. We also approach thenotion that cued recall, free recall, and source-monitoring tasks are morestrongly based on retrieval of episodic information than recognition tasks,since the latter can be potentially performed based on a simple sense offamiliarity towards the items.


Subject(s)
Humans , Memory, Episodic , Cognition
17.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(2): 93-99, Feb. 2018. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888353

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Language assessment seems to be an effective tool to differentiate healthy and cognitively impaired aging groups. This article discusses the impact of educational level on a naming task, on a verbal learning with semantic cues task and on the MMSE in healthy aging adults at three educational levels (very low, low and high) as well as comparing two clinical groups of very low (0-3 years) and low education (4-7 years) patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with healthy controls. The participants comprised 101 healthy controls, 17 patients with MCI and 19 with AD. Comparisons between the healthy groups showed an education effect on the MMSE, but not on naming and verbal learning. However, the clinical groups were differentiated in both the naming and verbal learning assessment. The results support the assumption that the verbal learning with semantic cues task is a valid tool to diagnose MCI and AD patients, with no influence from education.


RESUMO A linguagem tem se mostrado uma ferramenta eficiente para diferenciar grupos de idosos saudáveis dos com deficiências cognitivas. O artigo objetiva discutir o impacto do nível educacional na nomeação, na aprendizagem verbal (AV) com pistas semânticas e no MEEM no envelhecimento saudável em três níveis de escolaridade (muito baixa: 0-3 anos, baixa: 4-7 anos e alta: >8 anos) e em dois grupos clínicos de escolaridade muito baixa e baixa (Doença de Alzheimer - DA - e Comprometimento Cognitivo Leve - CCL), comparados a controles saudáveis. Participaram 101 controles, 17 CCL e 19 DA. Comparações entre grupos saudáveis demonstraram um efeito da escolaridade no MEEM, mas não nas tarefas de nomeação e de AV. Considerando as comparações entre os grupos clínicos, tanto a nomeação quanto a AV os diferenciaram. Os resultados corroboram a pressuposição de que a tarefa de AV com pistas semânticas é válida para diagnosticar CCL e DA, não sendo influenciada pela escolaridade.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Verbal Learning/physiology , Aging/physiology , Educational Status , Alzheimer Disease/physiopathology , Cognitive Dysfunction/physiopathology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Reference Values , Semantics , Task Performance and Analysis , Brazil , Aging/psychology , Case-Control Studies , Analysis of Variance , Alzheimer Disease/psychology , Memory, Episodic , Cognitive Dysfunction/psychology , Healthy Aging/physiology , Healthy Aging/psychology , Language Tests , Neuropsychological Tests
18.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(2): 89-92, Feb. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888348

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the association between episodic memory, executive function and processing speed in a sample with different age ranges. We tested the hypothesis that processing speed, executive function and memory are more strongly associated during childhood and old age. We evaluated 571 participants, aged six to 92 years, divided into four age groups: children/adolescents, young adults, middle-aged adults and older adults. Correlation analyses suggested that the shared variance between the processing speed and memory is strong in childhood but weak across other age ranges. Executive function, however, had a stronger association both in childhood and in old age, when compared with the intermediate stages. We conclude that the effects of processing speed and executive function on memory are not stable across human development. These functions may be compensatory mechanisms for memory functioning in childhood and old age.


RESUMO O presente estudo avalia a associação entre velocidade de processamento, funções executivas e memória em uma amostra de diferentes faixas etárias. O estudo testa a hipótese de que a velocidade de processamento, as funções executivas e a memória apresentam associação mais forte na infância e na velhice. Avaliamos 571 participantes, com idade entre seis e 92 anos, divididos em quatro grupos etários: crianças/adolescentes, adultos jovens, adultos de meia-idade e idosos. Análises de correlação sugerem que a variância compartilhada entre velocidade de processamento e memória é forte na infância e fraca nas demais idades. Já as funções executivas apresentaram associação forte com a memória tanto na infância quanto na velhice, quando comparadas aos estágios intermediários. Concluímos que os efeitos da atenção sobre a memória variam em função da idade do participante. Essas funções podem ser mecanismos compensatórios para a memória ao longo do desenvolvimento.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Cognition/physiology , Executive Function/physiology , Memory, Episodic , Spatial Memory/physiology , Life Cycle Stages/physiology , Mental Recall/physiology , Reference Values , Time Factors , Aging/physiology , Age Factors , Neuropsychological Tests
19.
Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience ; : 461-468, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-718215

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Cognitive disturbance is one of the major symptoms of depression and may be improved by treatment with antidepressants. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of cognitive improvement in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who were taking antidepressants. METHODS: This study included 86 patients with MDD who completed 12 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy. Cognitive symptoms were assessed using the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire-Korean version (PDQ-K), which addresses four domains of cognitive functioning (attention/concentration, retrospective memory, prospective memory, and organization/planning) and was administered at study entry and at the 12-week end point. A variety of demographic, clinical, and treatment-related variables were evaluated as predictors of changes in total and domain scores. RESULTS: All PDQ-K domains showed significant improvement after 12 weeks of antidepressant treatment. More severe initial depressive symptoms, fewer sick-leave days at study entry, and reduced use of concomitant anxiolytics/hypnotics during treatment were significantly associated with greater cognitive improvement. CONCLUSION: Cognitive symptoms are more responsive to antidepressant treatment in patients with severe MDD. Reduced use of anxiolytics and hypnotics could improve the cognitive functioning of patients with MDD taking antidepressants.


Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Anxiety Agents , Antidepressive Agents , Cognition , Depression , Depressive Disorder, Major , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Memory , Memory, Episodic , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Retrospective Studies
20.
Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders ; : 120-129, 2018.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-717131

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prospective memory (PM) has a known relationship with frontal function, and PM decline has been observed in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Cerebral small vessel disease, as evidenced by white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), is linked to frontal dysfunction. This study was undertaken to evaluate the relationship between PM decline and WMHs in patients with aMCI. METHODS: Of 74 enrollees with aMCI, 69 completed this prospective study. We compared total scores and sub-scores of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) administered at baseline and 3 months later, stratifying patients by degree of WMHs. RESULTS: A significant decline was seen in PRMQ total scores and PM scores at the 3-month mark in patients with moderate (vs. mild) degrees of WMHs (−2.8±7.2 vs. 0.2±7.1; p=0.032). In addition, patients with moderate (vs. mild) degrees of deep WMHs (DWMHs) showed greater PM decline, whereas PM loss in patients with mild, moderate, or severe degrees of periventricular WMHs (PVWMHs) did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of this study indicate that the burden of WMHs is consistently implicated in PM deterioration experienced by patients with aMCI, and signifies greater PM decline, especially in instances of extensive DWMHs. Greater attention to the change of PM is therefore needed in aMCI patients with WMHs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases , Memory , Memory, Episodic , Cognitive Dysfunction , Prospective Studies , Retrospective Studies , White Matter
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